Which statement is true about tuberculosis incidence among older adults?

The statement highlighting that there is low national incidence but high rates in older populations accurately reflects the epidemiological patterns observed regarding tuberculosis (TB). While the overall incidence of TB has declined in many parts of the world, certain demographics, particularly older adults, may experience higher rates due to a variety of factors, including weakened immune systems, higher likelihood of underlying health conditions, and increased susceptibility to infections.

Older adults often have a higher prevalence of comorbidities that can make them more susceptible to TB, such as diabetes or chronic lung disease. Additionally, individuals in nursing homes or similar congregate settings are at greater risk, contributing to a relatively higher incidence in this population compared to the general declines seen across other age groups. This distinction is particularly important for infection control practices in such environments.

The other options reflect misunderstandings or oversimplifications of TB trends. For instance, stating that tuberculosis incidence is increasing in all age groups does not align with the observed decline in many regions. The notion that TB predominantly affects children overlooks the significant burden the disease presents in older adults, who can suffer severe outcomes if infected. Lastly, indicating that TB is primarily caused by viral infection is fundamentally incorrect, as TB is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Understanding